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Valladolid () is a province of northwest Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It has a population of 529,159 people in a total of 225 municipalities, an area of 8,110 km2 and a population density of 65.24 people per km2. The capital is the city of Valladolid. It is bordered by the provinces of Zamora, León, Palencia, Burgos, Segovia, Ávila, and Salamanca. It is, therefore, the only Spanish province surrounded only - and entirely - by other provinces of the same autonomous community. It's the only peninsular's province which doesn't have mountains. Precisely because of its plain has a great strategic importance because it is an important communications hub. From the national point of view, is the track that connects Madrid with all the north of Spain, from Vigo (Galicia) until San Sebastián (Basque Country). From the international point of view, here goes the shortest land route that connects Portugal with France, from the north of Portugal (Porto) to the south of France (Hendaye). It is very famous due to its gastronomy (lechazo -veal or lamb-, suckling pig, black pudding, sausage, breads, soups, vegetables ... ) and its wines with designations of origin, mainly the Ribera del Duero Denomination of Origin, the Rueda Denomination of Origin, the Cigales denomination of Origin and also the Toro Denomination of Origin and the Tierra de León Denomination of Origin. The province once served as the capital of the Castilian court and the former capital of the Empire during the reigns of Emperor Carlos I, Philip II and Philip III, which explains why to this day it remains pregnant with castles and strongholds. The capital has an important historical - artistic heritage and one of the more important museums of sculpture of Europe. The province of Valladolid is specially famous for his processions of Holy Week, as much in the capital as in the localities of Medina de Rioseco and Medina del Campo. == History == (詳細はCrown of Castileを参照) The province of Valladolid was established as such by the Royal Decree of September 29, 1833 driven by the minister Javier de Burgos, being attached to the historic region of Old Castile. The first stable population that settled in the present province belongs to the people of the pre-Roman Vaccaei (Spanish name: vacceos, the area that they inhabited is called "Region Vaccea"), who were residents of very advanced culture and, when the rest of Celtic peoples arrived in the peninsula from the north of Europe (there is evidence that indicates that they also occupied territories that correspond to other provinces). Then it was already defined for the chronicles as a region "free and discovered" and "an open country, wheat fields, deforested land" and the vacceos were involved in livestock farming and especially agriculture (cereals). In the year 178 BC the Romans conquered the territory. Thus the lands that make up the current province came under their occupation, up to the barbarian invasions of the early 5th century AD when the province came under the control of the new Visigothic Kingdom. After the invasion of the Iberian peninsula by the Muslims in the year 711, they arrived in these lands just a year later, in 712. Later, during the Reconquista, this area was the subject of battles between the Muslims and the Christian Kingdom of León in the first half of the eleventh century. In 939, after the Battle of Simancas clinched the domain of the basin of the Douro river by the Christian kingdoms. Valladolid was founded in the year 1072 by Count Pedro Ansúrez. From here its history was linked to that of the Crown of Castile. In fact, cities such as Medina del Campo or Valladolid became important administrative centers Castilians and also experienced an economic boom (mesta, fairs ... ). Had a great importance in the Discovery of the Americas in 1492 (Christopher Columbus will end up living the last years of his life until his death in 1506 in Valladolid) and the subsequent colonization with explorers such as Juan Ponce de León -discoverer of the Florida (USA)-. In fact, in some houses of Tordesillas, was signed the Treaty of Tordesillas which decided to the cast of the New World between the Catholic Monarchs and the Kingdom of Portugal giving rise to Latin America. The revolt of the comuneros in the year 1520, which ended with the ringleaders of that revolt publicly executed in Villalar de los Comuneros. Valladolid became the capital of the Spanish empire between the years 1601-1606. When the Spanish Empire began to decline due to the continuing wars in which this involved and the emergence of new emerging powers, there was an economic decline in the area, as in the rest of the Spanish monarchy. During the War of the Spanish Succession (1700–1715) It positioned the side of the Bourbon pretender, that would be the one who got the throne. In the Peninsular War against France (1808–1814),There were a succession of small battles and the continued action of guerrillas as "The Undaunted". In the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) Valladolid was the "most significant regional nucleus" of Falangism in the Spanish Second Republic, garnering the second-highest provincial vote for the party in the otherwise dismal (for Falangists) elections of 1936, just behind Cadiz.〔Payne, S.G. ''The Franco Regime, 1936–1975.'' Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1987. p 65.〕 The province was controlled by Franco's Nationalists throughout the Civil War. During the Franco period there was an exodus from the rural countryside to the industrial cities. A further exodus occurred with the arrival of democracy in Spain (early 1980s), when the province was made part of the new autonomous community of Castile and Leon. Start a process of economic growth that peaked with the Spanish property bubble and then suffers from the economic crisis of 2008-2015, like the rest of the south of Europe. Nowadays it is one of the best provinces in the country in terms of health, education, security, cultural and linguistic heritage and economy (ranking fifth in its index of convergence with the European Union). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Province of Valladolid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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